RECAPS

BELONGING BEGINS IN THE BODY

“I dreamed about a culture of belonging," wrote bell hooks. "I contemplate what our lives would be like if we knew how to cultivate awareness, to live mindfully, peacefully; if we learned habits of being that would bring us closer together, that would help us build beloved community.”

On January 11, 2023, hosts Rev. Dr. Zina Jacque and Jessica Green welcomed wellness & equity expert Dr. Krista Robinson-Lyles, founder of the Joy Hope Collective to Courageous Conversations at Barrington’s White House for an interactive practice to reconnect to our bodies as we work to nourish a culture of belonging in our communities.

SEEING NO STRANGER

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By Tamara Tabel

Video & Photography by JP Leong, Afrochine

At first, you may think that David French and Eboo Patel have little in common — maybe even adversaries in this era of negative partisanship. Patel is Ismaili Muslim American, a former faith advisor for the Obama administration, and Founder and President of Interfaith Youth Core. French is evangelical Christian, conservative political columnist for TIME, Senior Editor of The Dispatch, and a veteran of the Iraq War.

Yet the night they engaged in a Courageous Conversation at Barrington’s White House, they were nothing less than engaging and respectful, modeling genuine curiosity, humility and self-deprecating humor for an audience of over a hundred guests, both in-person and virtual.

While they could not agree on college football, they could on the power of pluralism, the danger of cable news television, and the importance of civic education and duty.

To help counter the growing political and ideological divides in this country, French and Patel recommended some simple practices we can embrace to be the change we wish to see:

  • Educate yourself on both sides of a controversial topic — find and follow the best intellectual voices; read the proponent first, and then the opposing view;

  • Protect each other’s civil liberties — an affront to one is an affront to all;

  • Become an “in-group dissenter”— one of the minority in a group willing to speak up to acknowledge another group’s beliefs as valid;

  • Recognize that we are already working with people with whom we disagree — think of doctors, fire fighters, pilots, front line workers showing that the goal of saving lives or working for the greater good can outweigh political beliefs in everyday life; and

  • Find your “Leo” — a person with whom you disagree on political issues, but someone with whom you can share mutual respect and friendship. (French grew to respect and cherish his roommate Leo while they both served in Iraq, despite the fact they were politically opposed.)

Patel and French reminded guests that we are a changing America, and that building a racially, religiously and politically diverse democracy is not easy, but worthy. Not only are racial demographics shifting, so are religious identities. The United States will no longer be a majority white Judeo-Christian nation — which is not an opinion, but a fact “just as true as the sky is blue,” underscored French. Our founders were vehement about protecting religious freedom — one of the core reasons many fled to this continent.

Patel described America’s democracy as less of a melting pot and more of a potluck dinner where each contributes their own offerings to share.

“People of goodwill must be ambassadors within each group. We must all believe that an affront to one person’s liberty is an affront to us all. In this world’s oldest democracy, we must reach beyond just what we like or believe to work toward the greater good.”

There are historic precedents for this. In the same way we see little remnant of the former animosity between Catholics and Protestants, Patel believes we can become accepting of all peoples and religions. 

French believes we are built for this — not only to survive pluralism, but to thrive. Our success depends upon voluntarily relinquishing and sharing power.

“We need to help those people who are in jeopardy — physically or psychologically,” said French. As William Carlos Williams wrote in his poem, The Red Wheelbarrow — “so much depends on it.”

“Everyone shall sit in safety under his own vine and fig tree — and there shall be none to make him afraid.” -George Washington (Micah 4:4)


REFLECTION & DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:

  • Reflecting on Eboo & David's conversation, what surprised you? What challenged you?

  • Take a moment to quietly reflect: When was a time you were part of enabling division?

  • What are ways you can heal division in your sphere of influence?


SEEING NO STRANGER:

The phrase “see no stranger” is the message of Guru Nanak, the first teacher of the Sikh faith. It is inspired by Ik Onkar, or oneness. Says Valarie Kaur, founder of The Revolutionary Love Project: “It inspires us to look upon the face of anyone and say: ‘You are a part of me I do not yet know.’” To see Kaur’s beautiful session of Courageous Conversations, watch here.




COURAGEOUS COMMUNITY

The Courageous Conversations series gathers Second Wednesdays 7-9pm at Barrington’s White House. Hosted by Rev. Dr. Zina Jacque and Jessica Green and presented by Urban Consulate. Made possible thanks to generous support from Barrington Area Community Foundation, BMO Wealth Management, Jessica & Dominic Green, Kim Duchossois, Tyler & Danielle Lenczuk, Cobey & Erich Struckmeyer, Young Chung, Susan & Rich Padula, Carol & David Nelson, Dennis Barsema, Julie Kanak & Mike Rigali — and ticket purchasers like you. Thank you!


CHALLENGING SEPARATION

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BY TAMARA TABEL

There is a real cost to segregation — in lost income, lost potential, and lost lives.

Over generations, policies and practices have led to people of different races and incomes living separately from one another. What are the costs?

On March 11, Kendra Freeman of Metropolitan Planning Council in Chicago shared findings and recommendations from their groundbreaking Cost of Segregation report for the seventh session of A Year of Courageous Conversations presented by Urban Consulate at Barrington’s White House.

Inherently, we may recognize that separation takes a toll on individuals and our society. But MPC’s two-year study of Chicago — ranked as one of the most segregated regions in the nation — put real numbers to this, determining the actual costs of segregation in lost income, lost potential and lost lives. The data demonstrates that by reducing segregation, we can dramatically improve economic outcomes — not just for the most marginalized, but for all.

Since 1934, Metropolitan Planning Council has been dedicated to shaping a more equitable, sustainable and prosperous greater Chicago region. As an independent, nonprofit and nonpartisan organization, MPC serves both communities and residents. 

As Director of Community Development & Engagement, Freeman oversees housing policy and equitable transit-oriented development programs and guides the organization’s approach to community engagement in research, policy advocacy and technical assistance. She holds a Master's Degree in Public Administration from DePaul University, is a licensed real estate broker, and serves as co-chair of Elevated Chicago and advisor to the Truth, Racial Healing & Reconciliation initiative of Greater Chicago.

History of Suburbanization

To briefly cover the “forgotten history,” as Richard Rothstein calls it, of how 20th century housing policy and real estate practices codified separation in the American landscape, Freeman showed this short video featuring MacArthur Prize-winning investigative journalist Nikole Hannah-Jones from The New York Times:

The video explains how segregation in the suburbs began in the 1930s, when as part of the New Deal, the federal government implemented loan programs to help Americans finance home purchases. However, discriminatory “redlining” meant virtually no minorities could qualify for these loans.

The term redlining came from the government-generated maps where families living in green (“good”) neighborhoods could receive loans, while families in red (“bad”) neighborhoods could not.

And who lived in these “hazardous” red areas? Black Americans and other minorities. 

This policy, along with discriminatory practices by suburban developers barring minorities, systematically prevented minorities from getting home loans.

From 1934 to 1968, only 2% of home loans were to non-white families. 

These policies had devastating effects over time, disadvantaging families in “red” areas by limiting their ability to generate wealth, trapping them in poverty and in their current neighborhoods. 

In comparison, families in “green” areas were able to compound their wealth. They could invest and buy even better homes, send their children to college and pass on their wealth and advantages to future generations.

This prosperity also attracted new businesses, further advancing property values and allowing for more tax funding for better schools. Segregated neighborhoods created segregated schools. 

“The truth is, black children are more segregated in schools now than in any time since the 1970s,” said Hannah-Jones.

With tax dollars from higher property values and more business, white schools have better facilities, teachers, supplies.

“Minority schools are massively underfunded,” added Hannah-Jones. “They are less likely to have AP classes, science and math. And the least likely to have experienced and qualified teachers.”

Unfortunately, this discrimination is not a thing of the past.

“Regularly, black home buyers are still charged higher rates on homes than whites,” said Hannah-Jones. “Even when they have the same credit.”

“Black and Latino home seekers experience 4 million incidents of illegal housing discrimination each year.” 

After watching the video, Freeman invited the audience to discuss what we learned, what surprised us, and what challenged us. 

One example: “Think about who is on HGTV,” said Freeman. “They are all white.” This is because their parents and grandparents were able to buy houses in the '30s and ’50s whose values appreciated, so they could lend money to their children to buy their own homes.

“The challenge is to dismantle structural racism,” said Freeman. Yes, behaviors and attitudes — but also policies and practices.

How does Chicago compare?

Freeman shared a redlining map of Chicago from the 1940s.

  • Green areas were considered very desirable (like the North Shore)

  • Purple indicated areas that were still desirable

  • Yellow indicated declining areas

  • Red showed those areas considered “hazardous”

The yellow and red areas were primarily concentrated on the South and West sides. 

The map is still valid today. Chicago remains one of the nation’s most segregated regions — 5th highest when looking at combined racial and economic segregation across the country.

Although we share company with other cities like Philadelphia, Newark and Cleveland, the region has done little to change its ranking. 

The study is clear:

“It is not inevitable that a city and its surrounding suburbs are segregated to the degree that the Chicago region is.”

“Other regions across the country are similar to Chicago in terms of population and demographics, but are more racially integrated among African Americans, Latinos and whites.”

“Some regions have also dramatically reduced segregation from 1990 to 2010: Atlanta improved from 21st to 41st most segregated, while Chicago only moved from 8th to 10th.”

What is the cost?

What does it cost all of us in metropolitan Chicago to live so separately from each other by race and income? The study concluded that by reducing Chicagoland’s segregation to the national median, we could:

  • Raise the average income for Black residents by $2,982 per year

  • Raise the region’s income by $4.4 billion

  • Increase the Chicago region’s gross domestic product by ~$8 billion 

  • Decrease homicides by 30% — saving 229 lives in 2016

  • Increase the opportunity for 83,000 more people to earn bachelor’s degrees

  • Gain some $90 billion in total lifetime earnings

In 2010, a 30% lower homicide rate would have resulted in 167 more people who would have earned over ~$170 million in their lifetimes; the region would have saved ~$65 million in policing and ~$218 million in corrections costs; and residential real estate values would have increased by at least $6 billion.

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Moving Towards Equity

So, what do we do about it? What policies can we implement to build more inclusive communities in Chicagoland?

Freeman shared that it is important to acknowledge racism and segregation — and who is benefitting. Then use framing of equity and inclusion, focusing on equitable practices that lead to equitable outcomes.

“We need to focus on those who are worst off — closing the gaps so that race does not predict one’s success, while also improving outcomes for all,” Freeman said.

To achieve this, we must move beyond “services” and focus on changing policies, institutions and structures.

To illustrate, Freeman shared the classic equity example — sidewalk ramps. The ADA requiring sidewalks to be changed to make them more friendly for people with disabilities, especially those with wheelchairs and walkers, benefitted all of us, allowing easier access when we have strollers and bikes, too.

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“Equity is the systematic fair treatment of all people that results in equitable opportunities and outcomes for everyone.”

Recommendations

Given segregation’s negative impact on equity, what can we do to change the patterns of racial and economic segregation so that everyone living in our region can participate in a stronger future?

  • Dismantle the institutional barriers that create disparities and inequities by race and income

  • This is known as racial equity framework, and it is a practice that everyone can adopt: government, private sector, philanthropy, community organizations and individuals

  • Pursue policies and programs that can be implemented right now:

    • Target economic development and inclusive growth

    • Create jobs and building wealth

    • Build inclusive housing and neighborhoods

    • Create equity in education

    • Reform the criminal justice system

Some progress is being made. For example, Cook County has centered racial equity as a main priority. Evanston has implemented a reparations program to return money to the community to assist in home buying and other uses.

Dismantling Barriers

We each need to do our part to acknowledge racism and drive change. 

Dr. Reverend Zina Jacque challenged us to cross barriers and immerse ourselves in worlds beyond our own to learn about each other.

“Immersion. Be willing to immerse yourself. Take a risk and be better. Answer the call to go further.”

“What is the cost when we find it too frightening? What keeps us unwilling to try?”

* * *

Challenging Separation is the seventh monthly session for A Year of Courageous Conversations exploring how to foster greater inclusion & belonging in our community. Presented by Urban Consulate at Barrington’s White House in partnership with community advisors, the series is made possible thanks to support from Jessica & Dominic Green, Kim Duchossois, Sue & Rich Padula, Barrington Area Community Foundation and BMO Wealth Management.

REPORTING BY TAMARA TABEL

PHOTOGRAPHY BY LINDA M. BARRETT

VIDEO BY DELACK MEDIA GROUP


RESOURCES

SYLLABUS

RECOMMENDED PROJECTS

Tonika Lewis Johnson's Folded Map Project visually connects residents who live at corresponding addresses on the North and South Sides of Chicago. She investigates what urban segregation looks like and how it impacts residents.

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To fully understand the deep roots of segregation in America, we must go all the way back to the origins of our nation. The 400 Years of Inequality project from Dr. Mindy Fullilove and partners offers guides for discussion and a detailed timeline here.


CONFRONTING PREJUDICE

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BY TAMARA TABEL

“Not doing something is not an option.”

How should we respond to discrimination when we encounter it? On February 12, guest expert Jenan Mohajir of Interfaith Youth Core guided participants of A Year of Courageous Conversations through steps to stand up to prejudice by being an active upstander, not a passive bystander.

What is an upstander? A person who speaks or acts in support of an individual or cause, particularly someone who intervenes on behalf of a person being attacked or bullied.

Jenan Mohajir is an educator, a storyteller, a mother and a believer in building relationships across the lines that separate us. She serves as the Senior Director of Student Leadership at Interfaith Youth Core (IFYC), a national non-profit working towards an America where people of different faiths, worldviews, and traditions can bridge differences and find common values to build a shared life together.

IFYC encourages us to see our differences not as obstacles, but as assets that can help us understand each other. Three elements of their approach to diversity:

  • respect different religious identities

  • build mutually inspiring relationships

  • and engage in common action around issues of shared concern

“Diversity is a fact. Pluralism is an accomplishment.”

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Standing Up & Stepping In

Mohajir opened by sharing a personal story. Three years ago on Super Bowl Sunday, not far from where her family lives in Chicago, a synagogue was vandalized with broken windows and painted swastikas.

As a family, they discussed what they would do to support their neighbors. Should they show up? Call? Take people with them to visit?

It was then that her five-year-old son asked: “Will the man who broke that window break our window, too?”

It was a time of a polarizing election, with thousands protesting new immigration and travel bans at airports. Her son was asking more questions about his “otherness” and safety.

“If people at school find out that I’m Muslim, will I be taken away? Am I brown or black?”

As parents, they realized they were in a time and space where they needed to truthfully address his questions and concerns. They asked what he thought they should do.

“We should make some cards and go,” he said. So that’s what they did.

They went to the synagogue so that both their community and their children could witness the space that was violated — and see that adults were trying to fix it. 

We each have to find our way to step into this space — to find our place in this conversation, to be a good neighbor when needed, and to ask, “What are the ways we can do that?” 

The Bystander Effect

First, we must understand the elements at work that prevent us from taking action. To illustrate, Mohajir showed two videos of staged experiments, where people hesitated to respond.

The first video was of a woman sitting in a room, when smoke suddenly appears in the doorway. In one scenario, the woman notices the smoke, but nobody else around her takes action. It takes her over 20 minutes to get up and seek help. In another scenario, the woman is alone, and almost immediately investigates the source of the smoke, leaving the room to go get help.

What about being in a group caused the woman to wait so long?

Mohajir explained the woman was influenced by the “Bystander Effect” — where the dynamics of being in a group cause hesitation, doubt and inaction. 

In another anti-bullying video produced by Burger King, they staged an experiment in a restaurant. As a young man was harassed, many bystanders watched, clearly uncomfortable with what was going on. But only 12% stepping in to assist. However, when the patrons’ hamburgers were smashed (“bullied”) before serving, 95% of customers went up to the counter to complain. People were much more willing to stand up for a burger than a person.

Barriers to Intervention

There are many reasons we may hesitate to intercede and take action:

  • Safety – Stepping in to help others can be a risk. While some risks are tangible and should be avoided, sometimes those risks may just be perceived barriers. What situations would prevent you from taking action?

  • Division of Responsibility – In a crowd, there are others who could step in and help in a given situation. Research shows that the smaller the group, or if in a situation alone, people are more likely to step in and help. So you should think to yourself “I must take action” rather than asking yourself “Is there someone else in the crowd who is better qualified to help?”

  • Internalized Biases – Our views of others are based on our internal biases. Sometimes judgments are made about the victim, and why the victim is blamed when they should not be. Try to avoid asking “What actions did the person do to bring this situation upon themselves?” or tell yourself “That person is not like me, so they probably don’t want my help.”

  • Unclear Circumstances – You may question that you are misunderstanding or misinterpreting the situation. A common question that may run through your head is whether they are acting or pretending. Although it may be embarrassing, it never hurts to step in and ask if everything is okay.

  • Communal Influence – We are social creatures and look to our friends and family for social cues. So if they would help in a situation, chances are you would also help, too. Ask yourself: “What would my friends do in this situation?”

In breakout dialogues at tables, Mohajir asked us to examine what other barriers or fears might prevent us from acting — and embrace empathy as the best way to connect.

5 Steps to Being an Upstander

In a “live” incident of discrimination unfolding before you, our first reaction may be to confront the perpetrator. But Mohajir cautioned that this causes more conflict and can actually give them more power. 

“Put the center of attention on those being targeted,” says Mohajir. “Decide who you are going to help. The victim needs someone to intercede. You don’t want to feed the conflict and division, but instead look to create more unity.”

She offered these key steps:

  • Directly connect with the person being targeted. Form a circle around them to let them know that you see them and are in their circle.

  • Create a diversion or change the subject. In the restaurant video, for instance, one of the women who did step in brought her tray over by the young man, introducing herself to both him and the perpetrators. 

  • Use body language and positioning to shift the power dynamic. In the restaurant video, a woman at down across from the boy and began a conversation with him, offering him safety by her presence.

  • Locate people around you and enlist them to help. If you are uncomfortable helping or feel the situation demands a more authoritative figure to step in, seek help from others, perhaps a store manager.

  • Continue to support the victim. Tell them that you can be their witness, or tell them you are going to stay with them until their ride comes.

These same steps apply whether in a real-life situation or witnessing bullying or prejudice over the internet. Mohajir reminded us that we have control over our social media spaces. “You get to tell people what they’re allowed to say on your walls. That’s something to think about as we continue to engage with people online.”

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It May Take Time

Don’t be discouraged if you don’t get everything at once — it’s a process. 

“You likely will need to be in it for years,” says Mohajir. “It takes a number of personal risks, and it is only through long investment that shift begins to happen. Don’t be discouraged if there’s another obstacle put in your path just after you’ve solved one.”

And never forget — you are not alone. Find your sisters and brothers — we are here for each other. As Rev. Jacque reminds us from Ecclesiastes 4:12: Two people can resist an attack that would defeat one person alone. A rope made of three cords is not easily broken.

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Remembering Casey Handal 

With heavy hearts, Jessica Green and Zina Jacque of A Year of Courageous Conversations acknowledged the passing of a Barrington resident and friend of the series, Casey Handal, who passed away at age 41 after a brave fight with cancer.

Many knew Casey from a story about prejudice that made the national news —- and the community response that made Barrington proud. After someone snuck into her family’s yard to steal their pride flag and replace it with an American one, neighbors stood up, one by one, to raise their own pride flags in solidarity.

“Frankly, I’ve grown weary of this, of all this hate,” said neighbor Kim Filian. “And I gotta say, it just seemed like there was one thing I could do that I had control of.”

Casey used the media coverage to encourage dialogue: "In a perfect world, I'd love to have a conversation with this person, and find out why they chose to do what they did, and maybe show him or her that we are all human, and should be spreading love and kindness, not hate."

Thank you, Casey.

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Confronting Prejudice is the sixth of ten monthly sessions for A Year of Courageous Conversations exploring how to foster greater inclusion & belonging in our community. Presented by Urban Consulate at Barrington’s White House in partnership with community advisors, the series is made possible thanks to support from Jessica & Dominic Green, Kim Duchossois, Sue & Rich Padula, Barrington Area Community Foundation and BMO Wealth Management.

REPORTING BY TAMARA TABEL

PHOTOGRAPHY BY LINDA M. BARRETT

VIDEO BY DELACK MEDIA GROUP


SEEING THE RACIAL WATER

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BY TAMARA TABEL

“I’m going to talk about arguably the most sensitive, charged, complex, nuanced, social dilemma of the last several hundred years.”

-Dr. Robin DiAngelo

On January 8, A Year of Courageous Conversations welcomed New York Times bestselling author Dr. Robin DiAngelo to Barrington’s White House, where she challenged the white guests in a diverse audience to think differently about how race shapes our lives. The event was over-sold with a long waitlist from across the Chicagoland area.

Robin DiAngelo, Ph.D. is an academic, educator and author in the fields of critical discourse analysis and whiteness studies. In a 2011 academic article, she coined the term “white fragility” which has influenced the national dialogue on race. She later expanded her work into a bestselling book, White Fragility: Why It’s So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism.

For over twenty years, DiAngelo has been a consultant and trainer on issues of racial equity and social justice. Her numerous publications and books also include the books Is Everyone Really Equal? and What Does It Mean to Be White? She serves as affiliate faculty at the University of Washington, and traveled from Seattle for this talk in Barrington.

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Understanding Ourselves

“When we come together for professional development, a class or a seminar on race and racism, we tend to study the racial ‘other’,” said DiAngelo. “Whiteness is typically left off the table.”

White people first need to understand ourselves and our biases before we can help strive toward racial equity.

Drawing attention to her own whiteness, DiAngelo explained that we do not often see white as a race, but that it affects how we see and move through the world. “We see things from a white frame of reference, a white point of view,” said DiAngelo. “As we move through the environment, our white experience is deeply separate and unequal from the black experience.”

Everyone has biases, DiAngelo explained. White people cannot help but be racially biased because of the white experience we live. We need to become more self-aware, to admit our unconscious biases, and to overcome our initial resistance.

“I don’t want you to understand me better, I want you to understand yourselves. Your survival has never depended on your knowledge of white culture. In fact, it’s required your ignorance.”

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Why It’s Hard to Talk About Race

Discussing race and racism is often difficult, especially for white people.

  • We struggle with humility. Just because we have opinions doesn’t make us informed. 

  • We often use our reactions as a way out, to not venture into seeing and addressing our biases because it’s uncomfortable. “The key will be what you do with those moments of discomfort, to use as a way in,” says DiAngelo. “Why is this so unsettling? Why does this feel threatening? Why am I beginning to feel angry? What would it mean if I would just try this on?”

  • We see ourselves as unique individuals, unaffected by the culture we live in. We aren’t used to being seen racially. “Everything you see as different about you, ask yourself: How did that set me up into the racial hierarchy I live in? Nothing exempted you from the water we’re swimming in. It’s up to you to figure out how it set you up, not if.” 

Language Matters

DiAngelo led a breakout exercise to define terms we may use interchangeably, but have different meanings:

  • Prejudice is a prejudgment about social others as defined in a given culture.

  • Discrimination is external. When we act on prejudice, we now discriminate.

  • Systemic Racism takes place when we back a group’s collective bias by legal authority and institutional control. It gets embedded in every institution and our cultural definitions. 

The common definition of a racist is an individual who consciously does not like people based on race and is intentionally mean to them. This implies intent — that you are a “bad” person if you hold a racist view, regardless of whether it is subconscious.

DiAngelo posits that this definition is the root of virtually all white defensiveness on this topic and serves to protect the system of racism. “If this is my definition of racism and you say something I’ve said or done is racist,” said DiAngelo, “what I’m going to hear is that you’re questioning my moral character. And now I’m going to need to defend it.” 

She encouraged us to examine if this is the trigger for our own defensiveness. 

“Racism is a system, not an event.”

-J. Kehaulani Kauanui

DiAngelo reviewed the history of systematic racism, beginning with slavery, mandatory segregation and lynchings, and continuing into present-day employment and educational discrimination, mass incarceration, biased media, voter suppression, and unaddressed trauma.

“Racism is a deeply embedded system. None of us could be exempt from the forces of this system. It is up to us to determine how it shaped us, not if.” 

“To be white is to belong — to have opportunity, advantage and networking,” DiAngelo noted while showing photos of predominantly white social groups from politics and media. “All peoples who are not perceived or defined as “white” experience racism in this country, in both shared ways and in unique, specific ways.” 

DiAngelo believes there is something profoundly anti-black in this culture. “In the white mind, black people are the ultimate racial ‘other.’ As a group, African-Americans garner the strongest response and the most energy. And where you are on the black/white continuum will affect your experience — the darker you are, the more discrimination you will experience.”

Racism in Unavoidable 

Using herself again as an example, DiAngelo explained how whites cannot help but absorb racist views and behaviors because of our insular white upbringing. 

“As a result of being raised as a white person in this society, I do have a racist world view. There’s just no way I could not have absorbed it. I have racist biases. As a result, I have racist behaviors. I also have an investment in the system of racism. It’s comfortable. It has worked.” 

White people do suffer and face barriers, she explained, but we do not face racism. And that shapes how we manage the obstacles we do face. It’s not about feeling guilty, but about looking at how it affects your relationships, especially with people of color. 

How Has Race Shaped Your Life?

DiAngelo led the audience in two reflection exercises.

First she asked participants to answer the question, “How has race shaped your life?” thinking back to our childhoods and exploring our early socialization.

In her research, DiAngelo has identified similarities in experiences and patterns in the narratives over time:

  • In most cases, our neighborhood, schools, friendship circles and work environments have been almost exclusively white.

  • Whites often “credential” by giving evidence that they are not racist.

  • This credentialing often cites proximity to people of color, but not true interaction.

Because these narratives point to how superficial most whites are on the topic of racism, DiAngelo encouraged us to use questions as tools. “You will not always get it right. Keep going and keep growing through those mistakes rather than shut down.”

She also warned that the inability to think critically and truly answer this question creates issues for people of color:

  • It creates a hostile environment for people of color living and working in white space.

  • Without critical thinking, we can’t effectively navigate a conversation on race.

  • We will have neither the skills, nor the emotional capacity to withstand the discomfort of that conversation. 

  • The result? People of color will not be able to be their authentic selves and will instead spend time being careful not to unsettle us about race.

  • It contributes to an environment that is not supportive to people of color.

DiAngelo explained that there are “hidden pillars” under the surface holding up our racial biases. These include implicit bias, individualism, universalism, internalized superiority and what she calls the “good/bad binary”—meaning if I’m a good person I can’t possibly be a racist.  

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White Fragility

If we’re challenged on our racial assumptions, advantages or behaviors, whites often become defensive or hurt. We might deny. Argue. Insist it must be a misunderstanding. Or even withdraw or cry. This inability to tolerate the racial stress of a challenge to our positions or perceptions is what DiAngelo has termed “White Fragility.” 

“When I coined this phrase,” said DiAngelo, the ‘fragility’ part is meant to capture how little it takes. But, the impact of that meltdown isn’t fragile at all. It becomes a kind of weaponized defensiveness … because it marshals behind it the weight of historical and legal power and control.”

White Fragility functions to block the challenge and regain white racial equilibrium. It works effectively to police people of color into not challenging us. 

“I think white fragility functions as a kind of everyday white racial bullying,” said DiAngelo. “We make it so miserable for people of color to talk to us about our inevitable and often unaware patterns, that most of the time they don’t.” 

This creates a dichotomy for well-intended white progressives. We fear accidentally saying or doing something racist, yet bristle when our mistakes are pointed out. 

The Disturbing Truth

Dr. DiAngelo asked us to think about the photo albums from our weddings, our birthday parties and graduations, our future funerals. How diverse are those photos? Who is missing?

“I could go from cradle to grave with few, if any, authentic sustained cross-racial relationships, with black people in particular, and no one suggesting I’d lost anything of value.”

In fact, white people measure the value of our spaces, our schools, our neighborhoods, by the absence of black people. We view enforced legal segregation in the Jim Crow South as a tragedy, yet the chosen segregation that has come after that as okay. And the higher-class our lives are, the more likely we will be segregated.

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“Racism hurts and kills people every day. So interrupting it is more important than my ego, feelings or self-image.”

-Dr. Robin DiAngelo


What Do I Do Now?

The journey begins within. We must first recognize our biases, then work to address them. It will not be easy. We have an inclination to object and dismiss our biases, partly because we have never or rarely been challenged before and it is uncomfortable. We may not be fully truthful with ourselves. 

  • “We need to unpack that it’s not about if I’m nice or good or bad,” said DiAngelo. “We need to understand all the unconscious bias we bring to the table — the table where decisions are being made for people who are not at that table.” 

  • Ask yourself: What has enabled you NOT to know what to do about racism? The information is all around you. Google it. Read books and articles by people of color. Your learning is not finished, and it’s on you to continually educate yourself. 

  • Reach out, but don’t overburden your black friends with teaching you. If you have someone on your equality committee at work, compensate them extra for that incredible emotional favor.

  • Practice humility. Given your socialization, it is more likely that you are the one who doesn’t understand. 

  • It is not enough to be nice. Niceness in not anti-racism. Niceness is not courageous. Niceness is not going to get racism on the table when people want to keep it off. It is not interrupting anything. Anti-racism takes courage and intentional action.

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The video for this session is private for registrants. To request link & password, click below.

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Seeing the Racial Water is the fifth of ten monthly sessions for A Year of Courageous Conversations exploring how to foster greater inclusion & belonging in our community. Presented by Urban Consulate at Barrington’s White House in partnership with community advisors, the series is made possible thanks to support from Jessica & Dominic Green, Kim Duchossois, Sue & Rich Padula, Barrington Area Community Foundation and BMO Wealth Management.

REPORTING BY TAMARA TABEL

PHOTOGRAPHY BY LINDA M. BARRETT

VIDEO BY DELACK MEDIA GROUP


THE ART OF LISTENING

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BY TAMARA TABEL

How might generous listening make space for courageous conversations?

Active listening with less judgment and more curiosity, humility, and empathy takes training and practice. We need these skills not just for our families and workplaces, but for our nation, says Reverend Dr. Zina Jacque.

For the fourth session of A Year of Courageous Conversations at Barrington’s White House, Dr. Nancy Burgoyne and Dr. Jacob Goldsmith of The Family Institute at Northwestern University shared how to listen more generously — even if we don’t like how information is presented.

“When you show curiosity and empathy, the speaker will share more deeply,” says Burgoyne. “The gift you get is the humanity behind the words.”

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Nancy Burgoyne, Ph.D., is the Chief Clinical Officer at The Family Institute, a licensed clinical psychologist, teacher, and a practicing family therapist for more than 30 years. Jacob Goldsmith, Ph.D., LCP, is the Director of the Emerging Adults Program, faculty in the Marriage and Family Therapy graduate program at Northwestern, a researcher, and practicing clinical psychologist with more than 15 years of experience. Nancy and Jacob are proud to be leaders in an organization that is celebrating its 50th year. (Read more here.)

“Listening happens on many levels. We listen to ourselves. We listen to others. We listen to build community. These three levels interact and influence each other.”

-Nancy Burgoyne, Ph.D.

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Why Does Listening Matter?

Listening facilitates self-awareness, connection and tolerance:

  • Self-awareness frees us from that sense of alienation — that’s the inner layer, the groundwork. “We must connect with ourselves to be a good listener,” says Burgoyne.

  • Connection happens when we are seen and heard. If we are not having connected experiences, there are negative consequences, such as loneliness and mental health challenges.

  • Tolerance for perspectives different than our own is essential for living in community. Listening is a pathway to help us overcome our fears and biases. 

Generous Listening

“The best way to step into listening is by being curious,” says Burgoyne. Just as important is to show up vulnerable. 

“If you’re going to take something in,” said Burgoyne, “you must enter the speaker’s frame of reference and move into their space. It’s a challenge and an act of vulnerability because you have to let down your inner arguments and your plans for what you’re going to say, and move in and be there for a while.”

Different situations demand a deeper set of listening skills. A family issue might be more charged with emotion, versus a co-worker asking about a work problem, or a math class where you’re simply absorbing facts for a test. 

Deeper listening is asking not just what this information means to me, the listener — but what it means to you, the speaker. It’s listening to connect. When someone “gets you,” it resonates in your body.

“We’re wired neurologically for connection,” says Goldsmith, “but in practice, it’s not effortless.” You may need to go through the steps multiple times to build a repertoire of skills. 

Core Skills for Conversation

FOR THE Speaker:

  • Use “I” statements. What you see and feel. “When you said that, I felt this way.”

  • Say less.

  • Soften your start-up. Find a safe point of entry for conversation. 

  • Share the floor

  • Focus on one subject at a time. Not the whole kitchen sink. No “You always…” or “You never….”

for THE Listener:

  • Pause. Check your “stuff.”

  • Pay attention. Listen for meaning, context, emotion.

  • Focus on the other. Ask what does this mean to the person I’m listening to?

  • Don’t mind-read. Ask questions instead of assuming you know. 

  • Respond versus react. Offer a thoughtful, mindful response.

  • Reflect back. Repeat what you heard them say & mean.

What Helps When Listening is Hard?

When talking about innocuous topics, using these skills can be simple. But it gets complicated when things are fraught with emotion. We may listen with emotion, or with a goal, or harboring a fear of rejection. Burgoyne and Goldsmith suggest some tips when listening is hard:

  • Appreciate what’s at stake. The quality of your relationships with others.

  • Notice. What is making listening hard?

  • Check your assumptions and expectations. We can approach it passively, as if it should be easy, or thinking we already know. When you realize you don’t know, you pay attention.

  • Prepare. Set an agenda. Make time and space. Ground yourself before entering. You wouldn’t call a work meeting without preparing, so do the same for your personal conversations.

  • Context matters. If you know the context isn’t a good fit, pause and revise. Choose another venue, if needed. Take a walk. Go for a drive. 

  • Use your skills. Take that all-important pause. Maintain bodily awareness. Develop your own mantra to settle yourself down. Choose courage over comfort. Learn to tolerate distress or anxiety, not avoid it. 

  • Recognize your triggers. Our wiring triggers our emotional system during conflict — fight, flight or freeze. Know how you characteristically show up when your nervous system is set alight and check yourself if you’re moving into that space. We bring in our fears and our history because listening digs down into our “stuff.” Figure out what to do with your own stuff, regulate yourself and context.

Emotions & Values

Burgoyne cautioned that emotions are often not a good compass. “Use feelings as one important piece of information to help decide what you want to do next. But I encourage you to organize yourself around your values.” Emotions are like the weather, but your values are your horizon point to get you where you want to go. 

Active Listening Exercise

Burgoyne and Goldsmith led a practice exercise in pairs. People partnered — with one as speaker, one as listener. The speaker was asked to choose content that had real significance, something they wrestle with, and repeat that three times, with the listener going deeper each time:

  • 1st Time: Listen for content. Paraphrase back to speaker what they heard. “Did I get it?” 

  • 2nd Time: Inject curiosity. Ask questions. Be interested. Try to learn more. 

  • 3rd Time: Listen with empathy. Validate what the speaker is sharing and relate back with one word of empathy. Ask clarifying questions like “What does that feel like when?” or “What does it mean to you when?” At the end, confirm: “Do you feel I understood you?”

How to Make Repair

Burgoyne and Goldsmith role-played an interaction between a son and mother in the kitchen at the end of a long day. The son complained about work, the mother offered unsolicited advice. It did not go well. As can happen in our own lives, this situation required repair.

“Take a minute to pause,” says Burgoyne. “Be alone with your own feelings. What am I saying to myself? What am I thinking and feeling?” To demonstrate, Burgoyne took off her shoes, grounded herself, and reset her expectations of what might be accomplished — it might not be perfect. 

“Our behaviors unfold in sequences and patterns. ‘I wouldn’t have done what I did, if you hadn’t done that.’ You can’t make change by tracking the sequence back to the origin. You have to pick your arc of the sequence and be accountable for that. You have the most freedom controlling your own behavior.”

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SELF-REFLECTION:

“With whom do you need to repair? What do you say to yourself and what do you feel when you think about this person or experience?”

Why is Empathy so Critical?

“Empathy is the ultimate goal of listening,” Goldsmith shared. “Empathy is about understanding and also communicating back understanding.” Empathic listening allows the speaker to think more clearly and more deeply, and allows the speaker and listener to feel closer. When people feel understood, things go deeper.

Empathic listening avoids:

  • Problem-solving

  • Focusing on context or extraneous details

  • Judgment (positive or negative)

Getting to the Emotional Core

Think of empathy as a target of a bullseye, says Burgoyne and Goldsmith, with concentric rings, working from the outside in:

  • 1st Layer: Context, extraneous details

  • 2nd Layer: Content

  • 3rd Layer: Subtext

  • 4th Layer: Central Meaning

  • 5th Layer: Emotional Core

To illustrate, Goldsmith shared a story of a daughter asking her father for advice on whether to take a job in San Francisco with a start-up or one in Chicago with a proven company. The father recommended the second offer. But because the daughter realized his response seemed different, she asked more questions and got to the real emotional core of the issue: It was not that he was afraid she would fail. He was afraid she would move far away. 

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Listening to Build Community

“Listening to form connection is fantastic. But there’s a bigger pay-off beyond that,” says Goldsmith. This leads us to community inclusion and belonging.

When Google studied what teams work best together, they found that psychological safety was the most important component. We create that safety through empathic listening.

When we drop our roles and start really relating, human to human — a concept Jewish theologian Martin Buber called “I And Thou” — it’s not just about being nice, it’s about stripping our masks and getting to deeper truths. It requires vulnerability and risk. But it builds a stronger, safer, and more functional community. It fosters the growth of individuals within the community. And it fosters inclusion of marginalized voices.

“When we talk about inclusion of previously marginalized voices, things often feel worse before they feel better,” says Goldsmith. “If you have a dominant group of people who believe one thing, who have essentially exiled another voice — when we invite that voice back in, there will be more conflict in the short-term. We’re trading some short-term intensity for long-term harmony. But now instead of exiling voices, we’ve built a community that can tolerate that difference.”

Does It Matter How Someone Speaks to You?

“If we’re talking about building community and listening to other people,” says Burgoyne, “very often it lands at: ‘I didn’t like how they said that to me. They didn’t say it right, so I don’t have to listen to them.’”

There is no denying a poorly sent message is harder to take in.

“But no, you don’t get to tune out the message if it’s not sent in the ‘right package’ — in your language, your tone, or how you culturally show up,” says Burgoyne.

It doesn’t mean you have to tolerate abuse. You can ask for a time out for yourself, but not for the other person. It’s okay to say “I need to take a moment” or “I’m flooded.” But the other person needs to know you’re not dismissing them — their feeling is real, the need is legitimate. Set a time in the future to come back and continue the conversation.

“Demanding a certain form of delivery is often how people with more power and more privilege dismiss people with less power and less privilege. They don’t listen to the content, they react to the delivery. Then they say ‘I’m out’ and don’t have to pay attention to you.”

Shutting down listening based on the style of presentation can “protect us from getting that the rage, the hurt, the confusion or sense of injustice are legitimate,” says Burgoyne. “When it feels that bad, it doesn’t often come out pretty.”

“This is a very heavy thing,” says Burgoyne. “But this becomes essential when you move into talking about race and privilege — to be able to hear things that are hard to hear.”

What We Practice, We Become

Better listening can start at home — or even between strangers. Fellow Stacey Mays-Douglas demonstrated this with a very generous offer at November’s session: she invited anyone in the room to meet over coffee or wine for honest conversation.

What came of that offer? Six invitations for coffee dates. The first from Sue Griffith.

The two women — Griffith white, Mays-Douglas African-American — shared how they met for scones at Griffith’s house and traded stories about their lives and families. “Stacey talked about living all over the world,” said Griffith, “and how it was harder to live here, in the Midwest.” Mays-Douglas said she was a bit nervous arriving at Griffith’s house, wondering what neighbors might presume about a black woman showing up at a white woman’s home.

“I just learned, you have to take the leap,” said Mays-Douglas. “Because you never know what’s going to evolve as a result of a conversation. We can’t continue to tip-toe around each other, because we are human, and we won’t grow as a people.”

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Changing the World Starts with a Single Step

Series co-host Jessica Green shared that this session of A Year of Courageous Conversations “serves as the bridge between the internal work that we have done together thus far — on courage, mindfulness, curiosity and listening — and the more externally-focused work we will begin in January, exploring diversity, equity and inclusion in our community.

Reverend Dr. Zina Jacque closed the night by applauding Fellows like Mays-Douglas who have reached out and made personal connections between sessions, and encouraging us to wonder how we might practice these skills to expand, extend or even inspire our own activism.

“Every act that changes the world starts with a single person, a single moment, a single step. If we’re going to change the world, it starts with your single step. The only question is, will you take it?” 

The Art of Listening is the fourth of ten monthly sessions for A Year of Courageous Conversations exploring how to foster greater inclusion & belonging in our community. Presented by Urban Consulate at Barrington’s White House in partnership with community advisors, the series is made possible thanks to support from Jessica & Dominic Green, Kim Duchossois, Sue & Rich Padula, Barrington Area Community Foundation and BMO Wealth Management.

The Family Institute at Northwestern University provides over 85,000 hours of scientifically informed clinical service annually to children, adolescents, couples, families and individuals from all walks of life, across the life span, in four locations (Northbrook, Evanston, Chicago Loop & Westchester). The Institute conducts leading-edge research that informs clinical practice and the field of Behavioral Health; offers world-class graduate programs in Marriage and Family Therapy and Counseling to well over 600 students on the ground and on-line; and offers a competitive post-graduate and post-doctoral training for up to a dozen highly qualified candidates a year. To learn more, visit family-institute.org.

REPORTING BY TAMARA TABEL

PHOTOGRAPHY BY LINDA M. BARRETT

VIDEO BY DELACK MEDIA GROUP


CULTIVATING CURIOSITY

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BY TAMARA TABEL

Could disrupting bias start with switching on your curiosity?

In the third session of A Year of Courageous Conversations, Dr. Arin N. Reeves of Nextions returned to share how cultivating curiosity can open us to listening in challenging exchanges and encounters where quick judgments can stunt progress. By asking questions instead of filling in gaps with our biases and assumptions, we can better understand other perspectives and choose our responses based on new knowledge. 

Choosing, Not Reacting

Dr. Reeves began with a recap of the past two sessions, Defining Courage and Practicing Mindfulness.

“Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and freedom.” -Viktor E. Frankl, neurologist and Holocaust survivor

Reeves reminded us that fear is an unconscious reaction. After an emotional stimulus, our brain gets “highjacked” and we have a reactionary response in less than one second. Eighty-five percent of the time, we take the “low road.” But other times, we might like to take the “high road.” When we’re scared, before we react, we can stop ourselves and ask, “What do I want to do here?” If we’re mindful, we can choose a different path.

Reeves led the room through an exercise: “Think of a courageous conversation you need to have. How would you feel if I said you had to have it today? Where is that sitting in your body? What tensed? Your shoulders? Your stomach?” She asked guests to scan their bodies and take ten deep breaths.

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“Knowing allows you to choose,” said Reeves. “Whether it means to have more courageous conversations, or to just be more human, you always want to have that choice.”

Sparking Curiosity

As a warm up, Dr. Reeves asked each table to go around and share their favorite song or musician without any explanation or embellishment — just the names. Chances are, she said, there will be music you’ve never heard before and will want to ask a follow-up question.

Reeves asked us to hold that feeling — that place where we want to know more. If we can do it with something uncontroversial like music, we can do it with weightier subjects.

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“Curiosity and bias cannot coexist in your brain at the same time. The minute you say ‘I am curious about this,’ your brain literally halts putting a bias in there.”

- Arin N. Reeves, Ph.D.

Flipping the Switch

There is a space in the middle of stimulus and choice. You have two ways to go — either with your bias or your curiosity. 

Bias is an automatic reaction. To demonstrate, Reeves led us through a memory exercise she does with judges in the criminal justice system.

She relayed a story of two young people driving in a car who are stopped by police. The story was packed with numbers about their speed and distance. She then asked the room to answer questions about certain details from the story. Were there two boys or two girls in the car? What music was playing? Was the setting urban or rural? What drugs were in the trunk?

What we discovered is that where Reeves had left blanks in the story, we had filled them in with our own imaginations and biases.

Reeves encouraged us to think about what we think we are seeing or hearing that’s not there.

“Your brain fills in with images that are out there. We can literally manipulate what you’re going to think and hear by deciding what stories to tell and how we tell them.” Advertisers, for example, might determine what information to leave out because you’ll populate it on your own. Or they will present information to strengthen a particular bias you already have.

Reeves presented the analogy of a switch — flip up for curiosity, or down for judgment. When you’re in curiosity, you’re open to listening and asking more questions. If you flip the switch to judgment, your biases will come into the story. 

“It can be that simple,” says Reeves, that switch.

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“The goal of having courageous conversations is not about getting rid of bias. It’s about knowing that you’re going to have biases, but you’re going to get good at interrupting through curiosity.” 

- Arin N. Reeves, Ph.D.

Wanting to Understand

When you have that moment of mindfulness, it can be because you took a deep breath. Because you paused. Because you held up another value that is really important to you, like love. It begins when you don’t understand, but want to understand. When you become curious, you fade out the fear. Curiosity overpowers it. 

To practice, Reeves suggests using simple questions like: Who? What? Which? Why? How? When? Where? With? She also suggests some great questions to ask ourselves the next time we want to approach a courageous conversation with curiosity. (For a list, click here.)

“If you’re ready, you can ask these questions of people. And once you have that information, you go from ‘I don’t understand and I want to understand’ to ‘Now that I know more, I can choose how I want to respond.’”

Having courageous conversations, she reminded, is not clean, not linear — it’s one of the messiest things we can do. But by being able to step back and willing to grow, we can learn. 

“The courage to have curiosity and then choose it is powerful. Because without that, we can’t even start to think about differences.”

- Arin N. Reeves, Ph.D.

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Sharing Stories

To help demonstrate how these ideas apply in a real-life situation, co-host Jessica Green put herself in the hot seat to be interviewed by Dr. Reeves about a personal experience after the 2016 presidential election.

In Green’s words, she tried but failed to have the courageous conversation she desperately wanted to have. She was upset with the election result and confused how some in her family, whom she loved very deeply, could share similar values yet demonstrate them so differently, through this avenue.

“So what happened?” asked Reeves.

“I yelled,” said Green. “I was crying. I felt sick to my stomach.”

She was afraid for her country and children. Fear highjacked her brain and she struck out in anger.

But after this rough start — and over a very long period of time (not days or weeks, she emphasized, but months and years) — she began to lean in and let another powerful emotion take center stage: love.

“Sometimes when we’re in these positions of fear,” said Reeves, “listening starts when we hold up a value that’s equal to fear.” One of the best roads out of fear is love. But love isn’t the only force — it can also be creativity, or patriotism, or even a commitment to inclusion. We can then create that space for curiosity.

“Now we’re listening,” said Jessica. “We’re talking about things we never talked about before. The change happened on both sides, but mostly within me.” 

More guests bravely shared deeply personal stories with the room.

One guest relayed an incident where her fear in a minor traffic accident caused her to question her own racial bias. Then Fellow Stacey Mays-Douglas shared, with powerful emotion, her fear for her teenage son driving because the color of his skin may put him in danger. This wasn’t an imagined fear, he had been pulled over many times.

Mays-Douglas appealed to the audience to consider their biases before rushing to judgment, and welcomed one-on-one dialogue over coffee or wine.

With the sharing of these stories, the change in the room was palpable. Some wiped away tears. Others connected with a comforting hand or hug.

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We Are All Becoming

Co-host Dr. Reverend Zina Jacque encouraged us to continue our efforts, practicing what we’re learning on this journey — knowing that it might hurt, that we are going to make mistakes, that we might discover things in our own being that require examination or transformation. But we are all in the stage of “becoming.” Growing. In process.

Bringing us back to our childhoods, Jacque read a favorite passage from the classic children’s book, The Velveteen Rabbit, about a stuffed animal who longs to become real:

"Real isn't how you are made,” said the Skin Horse. “It's a thing that happens to you…”

“Does it hurt?”

“Sometimes,” said the Skin Horse…

“Does it happen all at once, like being wound up,” he asked, “or bit by bit?”

“It doesn't happen all at once,” said the Skin Horse. “You become. It takes a long time. That's why it doesn't happen often to people who break easily, or have sharp edges, or who have to be carefully kept.”

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Cultivating Curiosity is the third of ten monthly sessions for A Year of Courageous Conversations exploring how to foster greater inclusion & belonging in our community. Presented by Urban Consulate at Barrington’s White House in partnership with community advisors, the series is made possible thanks to support from Jessica & Dominic Green, Kim Duchossois, Sue & Rich Padula, Barrington Area Community Foundation and BMO Wealth Management.

To learn more, visit CourageousConversations.us

REPORTING BY TAMARA TABEL

PHOTOGRAPHY BY LINDA M. BARRETT

VIDEO BY DELACK MEDIA GROUP


PRACTICING MINDFULNESS

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BY TAMARA TABEL

“Mindful practices help us show up courageously, in awareness of our full humanity and the humanity of others.”

Our lives are stressful and busy, and our anxiety can impact our social interactions, especially those with whom we disagree. How can we practice mindfulness to bring our attention to the present moment, allow ourselves to think and breathe, and create space between ourselves and our reactions?

On October 9, 2019, a full room of over one hundred learners gathered at Barrington’s White House to learn how to live more mindfully, building on the scaffolding Dr. Arin Reeves of Nextions started constructing in September to move from fear to courage when engaging with difference.

Co-hosts Jessica Swoyer Green and Dr. Zina Jacque welcomed Dr. Krista Robinson-Lyles to lead us through mindful exercises and suggestions to bring more compassion and understanding to courageous conversations.

Robinson-Lyles brings over 26 years of experience providing consulting, research, facilitation, teaching and coaching services to academic and corporate clients. In her career, she has served as a classroom teacher, building administrator and university instructor, in addition to coaching and consulting in the areas of literacy, equity and mindfulness. 

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Aligning Actions & Intentions

“Mindfulness can help us move into conversations that we might otherwise avoid,” said Robinson-Lyles. She encouraged us to be intentional about our efforts and where our fears sit.

“It is not about being perfect,” she reminds us. “It is not about living a perfect life and pretending that challenges don’t exist. It’s about being in the moment.”

Though these conversations across difference are not easy, Robinson-Lyles shared the power of a pause between the stimulus and our response. This gives us the time and space to assess our fears and emotions before responding, instead of just reacting. 

To get started, she led the group through a mindfulness exercise: “Get comfortable in your seats. Put both feet flat on the floor. Put one hand on your heart, one hand on your abdomen. Notice your breathing. Notice your heartbeat…”

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Mind Your Miscues

As an educator, Robinson-Lyles shared how teachers listen for miscues as beginning readers read aloud. Some miscues include substitution (using another a word), omission (leaving out a word), or insertion (adding a word that’s not there). When students make miscues, one or two may not change the text, but multiple miscues mean they miss or misunderstand the author’s purpose.

Robinson-Lyles suggests we use this same approach to explore ourselves. “We have to learn what our miscues are. We have to pause enough to know when we are inserting our own story, omitting some else’s story, or substituting what we think we know.

“It’s not about broad agreement. We need to hear someone because it might really change something,” says Robinson-Lyles. “It might change humanity.” 

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Fear Causes Our Bodies to React 

When our bodies perceive a threat, our bodies try to protect us. It’s the typical “Fight, Flight or Freeze” response. Rapid heartbeat. Increased stress hormones. Shallower, faster breathing. Sweating.

But stress also shuts down the pre-frontal cortex—the very part of the brain that helps us with reason and emotion. Sometimes this means we can lash out.

Mindfulness is “the ability to know what’s happening in your head at any given moment without getting carried away by it.”

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Taking a Pause Between Stimulus & Response

If we give ourselves time to pause and engage in breathing, grounding and clearing, we can allow the pre-frontal cortex to engage, so we can mitigate and be aware of our fear.

It’s not that we shouldn’t have emotions, clarifies Robinson-Lyles. But we should recognize and figure out what to do with them. “We can identify conditioned fear. We can realize when we’re making miscues, and when, perhaps, we are inserting ourselves in someone else’s story.” 

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Emotional Intelligence Is Critical

“In this country in particular,” says Robinson-Lyles, “we are focused on rational thought. You’re ‘smart’ if you are analytical. What gets lost is how much emotional intelligence matters. We might forget that we have core emotional needs — and that others do, too.”

“Knowing ourselves is one of the critical parts of being mindful,” says Robinson-Lyles. “Why are we upset during a certain conversation? Are we feeling unappreciated? Is someone challenging our family status? Are we worried about being embarrassed?”

“When we look to see what the other person’s core needs might be, it can change the conversation.”


Our Universal Core Needs:

Visibility. Safety. Belonging. Appreciation. Status. Role. Relevance. Autonomy.


Tools for Mindfulness

Options are always available:

  • Grounding your feet is something small you can do. By being connected to the ground and breathing, it will lessen the intensity of the moment. You can become more aware of what’s happening in your whole body.

  • We can notice our core needs and recognize the needs others to whom we are responding. (Remember the Churchill quote: “Fear is a reaction, courage is a decision.”)

  • We need to ask ourselves essential questions like: “How do I know? What if I don’t know? Yes, and…?” We need to determine our responses and answers. This doesn’t change that you’re disagreeing, but it can change your response to it.

By responding with gratitude and compassion, we can bring truth and love in the midst of intensity.

Two acronyms that can help you stay mindful: 

RAAD:

  • Realize your emotions

  • Acknowledge your feelings

  • Accept that they are not right or wrong

  • Do what you choose from a range of actions — which may be nothing more than acknowledging your feelings

LOVE:

  • Let your breath soften to help regulate your body

  • Open to the feelings without trying to ignore them

  • Verify your core needs

  • Extend compassion, to yourself and to other(s) in the conversation

Mindfulness Takes Time & Practice

Robinson-Lyles admits it is hard work and that she is still working on extending compassion.

“When I’m talking to someone with whom I am diametrically opposed, I say to myself: ‘I realize they love their family as much as I love mine.’ I’m not agreeing with what they are saying, but I can get a little farther in my ability to listen.”

She reminds us it is not one and done. “Be patient, but dedicated — it takes time and practice to remember that a mindful state is an option. Eventually, you move from seeking mindful states to habitually embodying mindful traits.”

Watch the video of the session here:

Our lives are stressful and busy, and our anxiety can impact our social interactions, especially those with whom we disagree. In our second session of A Year of Courageous Conversations, we learn from guest expert Dr. Krista Robinson-Lyles of Nextions about how can we practice mindfulness to bring our attention to the present moment, allow ourselves to think and breathe, and create space between ourselves and our reactions.

SUGGESTED RESOURCES


Practicing Mindfulness is the second of ten monthly sessions for A Year of Courageous Conversations. Presented by Urban Consulate at Barrington’s White House in partnership with community advisors, the series is made possible thanks to support from Jessica & Dominic Green, Kim Duchossois, Sue & Rich Padula, Barrington Area Community Foundation and BMO Wealth Management. To learn more, visit CourageousConversations.us.

REPORTING BY TAMARA TABEL

PHOTOGRAPHY BY LINDA M. BARRETT


DEFINING COURAGE

(Photo: Linda M. Barrett)

(Photo: Linda M. Barrett)

BY TAMARA TABEL

The evening started with a bang — tornado warning sirens, emergency text alerts, and a brief evacuation to the basement! A memorable start for a conversation on fear & courage.

On September 11, 2019, over one hundred guests gathered at Barrington’s White House for the first of ten monthly sessions of A Year of Courageous Conversations presented by Urban Consulate to learn about the neuroscience of fear and courage, what is really going on inside our brains, and what tools and techniques we can use to respond when fear blocks our progress.

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Once the storm passed, co-hosts Jessica Green and Dr. Zina Jacque welcomed guests and thanked them for their courage just to be in the room.

“I come of age in a faith that has a song,” said Jacque. “And the words are ‘Encourage my soul, and let’s journey on. The night is dark and we are far from home. But thanks be, the morning light appears. The storm is passing over.’

“The storm is passing over,” said Jacque, “when men and women stand up and are willing to be courageous—to engage with difference, to not be afraid of the grist of learning and of gathering data that is different than theirs.”

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Jacque & Green welcomed guest expert Dr. Arin N. Reeves of Nextions to lead a discussion on how we already have the “courage muscle” to overcome our fears and biases.

Harnessing her background as a researcher, lawyer and academic, Reeves offers thought-provoking messages to inspire and activate change. She speaks on many forms of differences: racial, ethnic, gender, generational, religious, sexual orientations, identity and expression, physical abilities, cognitive style and cultural difference.

Reeves began by saying she is not an expert in your experience, but rather, in helping see diversity in your own thoughts.

She went on to explain the origin of fear itself.

Status Quo Bias is the Strongest 

Doing things as we’ve always done them is easy and comforting. If you eat the same thing every morning, it would hit your pleasure centers to talk about that food. But if we told you we were going to take away your bran flakes and make you eat bacon every morning, a part of your brain would say, “Oh no, you’re not!”

Your brain is responding to difference. We don’t like change. But, Reeves says, “We need to dismantle these identities because it is causing us to treat people in ways we don’t intend.” 

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Why Do Our Good Intentions Fail?

Think how many New Year’s resolutions you’ve made—and then broken. We want to do those things, but somehow our great intentions fall away. What is stopping us? 

“When our actions don’t align with our intentions,” says Reeves, “the reason is fear.”

We fear the unknown. We fear things that scare us.

The brain sees both of these as the same, as equal. So, your body reacts to a tiger the same way it reacts to your fear of public speaking or meeting a person who is different from you. Your heart races, your muscles tense, your palms sweat—sometimes just by thinking of a thing we fear. 

Many of us share common fears: heights, flying, water, the dark, or fear of rejection. But Reeves cautions us to dig deeper. 

“Although we have socially named these fears, it is not what we’re actually afraid of,” says Reeves. “You need to have a conversation with your brain.”

A fear of heights is actually the fear of falling. A fear of water is actually a fear of drowning. Being afraid of the dark is apprehension that we might not be able to see things that might hurt us. And fear of rejection is the fear of being unloved, of disappearing, of not mattering. 

Our Fears Come From our Ancestors

“We’re descended from ‘scaredy cats,’” says Reeves.

In ancient times, a person who looked different from you likely meant you harm. Seeking similarity meant safety. If you didn’t run, you might be killed. The curious who took a closer look at that rope coiled in the grass might find out too late that the rope was really a snake. 

Taking the “low road” and avoiding the different or unknown is how we’re hard-wired. “I’m not sure if that’s a rope or a snake, so I’m going to treat it like a snake and run away.”

We have the opportunity to take the “high road” and be curious. Maybe someone unfamiliar could have been the Bill Gates of a thousand years ago! But we are hard-wired to not be open.

If we see something and we’re not sure if it’s a rope or a snake, our instinct is to treat it like a snake and avoid the conversation or the experience. 

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Instinctive vs. Conditioned Fear

With instinctive fear, you don’t have to experience it, to be afraid of it. It’s non-conditioned—we can’t help it. We have an instinctive fear of spiders and snakes because people used to die from bites.

A conditioned fear is responsive, something we associate or attach to something else. We have a fear of rejection, so we become afraid of public speaking. 

Reeves offered the example of an experiment done with Baby Albert. At nine months old, he happily played with a white mouse. Then the experimenters clanged a pan every time Albert saw the mouse. Over time, Albert was conditioned to be afraid of anything white. 

However, we have repeated exposure to a false cause-and-effect. We often avoid the facts. For example, the leading fear for parents is that “Stranger Danger” will kidnap their child. But the reality is that the biggest cause of death in children under three years old is drowning in their own bathtub at home. 

We feel we don’t need to know the truth. Why would we talk about what’s scaring us? It feels safer if no new information comes in. Because we’re closed to questions, we lack critical dialogue. To avoid discomfort, we avoid new experiences. 

In the U.S., children have biases by the age of three—they are more positive to whiter skin and will notice if someone looks different. Upon seeing a person with a prosthetic, they might ask, “What’s wrong with you?” Children already have a sense of what “normal” is.

We turn away from what’s different. What we took in as a 2- or 3-year-olds solidified in our brain and created a circuity of “no thank you.” And if we are overwhelmed by “too much stuff” (stress, time constraints, uncertainty, fatigue) our brains default back to its circuitry. 

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The Power of Courage


Courage is the presence of fear, but moving forward in spite of it. Reeves says, “Being totally fearless doesn’t exist. You can’t have courage unless you have fear underneath.” 

Reeves encourages us to “Think of a time when you were brave. When you felt all that stuff—a fluttering stomach, your brain saying ‘I can’t’—but you did it anyway. Whatever courage muscle you used to be brave is the same muscle that you use any time you want to be courageous. You don’t have different courage muscles—there’s just one; just one pathway in the brain. You’ve used it many times. You used it to show up today.”

She reminds us that fear is a reaction. Courage is a decision. You don’t have control over a reaction, but you always have control over a decision. 

“You already know how to have courageous conversations. You just need to do it. When a person is very different from you and you don’t want to offend them, use your courage muscle.”

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Courage over Comfort

“You can choose courage or you can choose comfort,” says Dr. Brené Brown, “but you cannot choose both.” 

So how can we overcome that instant reaction of fear?

Reeves encourages us to hold onto our fear just a little longer. Don’t react in the moment. Give your brain muscle a chance to understand the actual fear and recognize what you attached it to. When you recognize a fear, you can calmly examine it and create an answer to address the fear. “The minute you name a fear,” said Reeves, “it has an answer.”

Dr. Reeves left the audience with a challenge:

“Talk to one person who was not here, and share with them one thing you learned tonight. You will use your courage muscle and are teaching someone else to use theirs."

“We can use our courage muscle to overcome. The more we use it, the stronger it becomes.” 

Defining Courage is the first of ten monthly sessions for A Year of Courageous Conversations. Presented by Urban Consulate at Barrington’s White House in partnership with community advisors, the series is made possible thanks to support from Jessica & Dominic Green, Kim Duchossois, Sue & Rich Padula, Barrington Area Community Foundation and BMO Wealth Management. To learn more, visit CourageousConversations.us

REPORTING BY TAMARA TABEL

PHOTOGRAPHY BY LINDA M. BARRETT


QUOTE LIBRARY


THE ADVENTURE OF CIVILITY

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by RENEE BLUE

May 23rd marked the launch of A Year of Courageous Conversations in Barrington, Illinois — and what a luminous beginning it was.

Jessica Green and the Reverend Dr. Zina Jacque, co-curators of the new year-long series with Claire Nelson and Lauren Hood of Urban Consulate, welcomed Krista Tippett to Barrington High School to share her talk, “The Adventure of Civility.”

Krista Tippett is a Peabody Award-winning broadcaster, a New York Times bestselling author and a National Humanities Medalist. She is also the esteemed host of the program On Being, which explores “the animating questions at the center of life: What does it mean to be human? How do we want to live? And who will we be to each other?”

Tippett is at home in deep conversation, reflecting on these questions.

To a crowd drawn from Barrington and beyond, Tippett proffered the message that we all hold within us the ability to do the work—both civic and spiritual—to diminish the distance that disagreement places between us.

In this era of political polarity, it can be all too easy to retreat to opposite corners, to seek comfort in camps of the like-minded. We have developed entire vocabularies of derision and defamation, language that distances and otherizes.

To counter this animosity, Tippett guides us toward Frances Kissling’s “crack in the middle where there’s some people on both sides who absolutely refuse to see each other as evil.” It’s there, she says, that we will find we are able to engage in the sort of civil exchange that helps us understand one another a bit better. When we create these spaces for taking up the hard questions, Tippett says we become “nourishers of discernment, fermenters of healing.”

So how does one begin? Besides the traditional olive branch, Tippett offers a few “encouragements” — some reminders and values to inform our journey toward mutual understanding and reconciliation.

1. Words Matter

This may seem a bit obvious, especially coming from a journalist, author and professional conversationalist. Still, Tippett says it’s worth remembering that the words we use shape how we understand ourselves, and how we interpret the world.

“And the world right now needs the most vivid, transformative universe of words that you and I can draw on and give voice to,” she said.

In reflecting on the ways in which language liberates and hinders us, Tippett notes that one word, in particular, has proven itself unhelpful and limiting in its scope: tolerance.

“It connotes allowing, enduring, indulging,” she says. “Tolerance hasn’t taught us or asked us to engage, much less to care about, the stranger; tolerance doesn’t even invite us to understand, to be curious, to be open to be moved or surprised by the other.”

In place of restrictive language, Tippett says we need, in the words of poet Elizabeth Alexander, “words that shimmer.” She says that we have “hit the limits of our collective belief in facts to tell us the whole story—or even to tell us the truth.”

Tippett encourages us to look to poetry to “give voice to what is deepest and truest.”

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2. Rediscover Questions as Civic Tools and Listening as a Social Act

Tippett acknowledges that a simple, honest question can sometimes get to the heart of the matter. She cautions, though, that simplistic questions are often met with simplistic answers.

Instead, Tippett exhorts us to ask generous questions, which she defines as those that invite honesty, dignity and revelation.

While questions often beg quick answers, Tippett encourages patience. She quotes the poet Ranier Maria Rilke, who, in a 1903 letter to his protégé, poet Franz Xaver Kappus, wrote of loving questions themselves, and living patiently into them until one distant day arriving at the answer.

Sitting with that uncertainty can be instructive, in and of itself.

Too often, we ask questions but are not ready or willing to listen to the answer. Listening, Tippett notes, is not about being quiet while the other person speaks until you can say what you want to say. “Listening is not primarily about being quiet; it is about being present.”

Listening is, unto itself, an act of generosity.

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3. Think of Virtues as Social Technologies

Tippett extols virtues as tools for the art of living. This is an evolution from her childhood concept of “virtue,” when, steeped in the language of her Baptist upbringing in small-town Oklahoma, she saw it as a sort of “moral insurance policy.”

Now, she says virtues are “spiritual and social technologies… a way to attend to conduct as much as to content.”

Tippett’s closely held virtues—humility, curiosity, hospitality and love—provide a way of grounding ourselves and, if we have not yet mastered them, of practicing what we hope to become.

She speaks of the virtue of humility as “a leavening agent.” In its simplest sense, she says, it’s not about making yourself small, but about making others big.

Humility’s companion, according to Tippett, is curiosity. Are we truly ready and willing to be surprised by the other? If not, she says, it’s best to go away and work on ourselves first.

Conversation is, at its best, an invitation of sorts. To offer that invitation sincerely is to do so with hospitality. Tippett notes that offering hospitality is not the same as celebrating what feels oppositional or uncomfortable.

What it does do is “create a trustworthy space, in which the ground for something new can be laid.” Conversation, in and of itself, does not make the participants any more alike, but it does “fundamentally alter what is possible ahead between us.”

When we have the opportunity to converse, Tippett pleads for us to do so with the virtue most often spoken of, but so rarely practiced: love.

Love, she says, is “the only thing big enough to create the common life that our world needs and that our century demands.” Not a romantic notion of love, but the expansive love that embodies our most generous selves, and abides despite challenge or lack of reciprocation.

In closing, Tippett encouraged us to do our part in “making this generative story of our time.” Entering these conversations is important—maybe the most important work we can do.

“Across my life of conversation I have seen a strange, deep truth of life that wisdom emerges precisely through those moments when we have to hold seemingly opposing realities in a creative tension and interplay.” Her hope is that we will take a deep breath, open our hearts and engage.

As part of The Civil Conversations Project she founded in 2011, the On Being producers created a Better Conversations Guide and outlined their Grounding Virtues. Together, they form a roadmap of sorts for locating the “crack in the middle” and forging ahead in hopes of establishing better understanding. It’s a wonderful place to begin.

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ABOUT THE SERIES

Krista Tippett’s talk was the launch of a new series, A Year of Courageous Conversations, starting September 2019 through June 2020 at Barrington’s White House. This series is made possible thanks to generous support from Jessica & Dominic Green, Kim Duchossois, Sue & Rich Padula, Barrington Area Community Foundation and BMO Wealth Management.

This series is presented by Urban Consulate in partnership with Barrington’s White House, BStrong Together and Barrington Area Library. With special thanks to co-curators Dr. Zina Jacque, Jessica Swoyer Green, Claire Nelson, Lauren Hood and advisors Village President Karen Darch, Kim Duchossois, David Nelson, Sue Padula, Beth Raseman, Rollin Potter, Conor Libit, Jeanne Hanson, Kyle Thomas Kick, Sam Adams-Lanham, Casey Handal and Amy Wickstrom.

To read more, visit CourageousConversations.us

Photography by Linda Barrett